Effects of Electric Current on Human Body electrical current passes through the body, the nervous system experience an electric shock. The intensity of the shock depends mainly on the strength of the current and the path taken by the current through the body and the duration of contact.
⚡ Effects of Electric Current on Human Body
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1 mA (0.001 A) |
Barely perceptible sensation |
Slight tingling feeling |
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5 mA (0.005 A) |
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10–20 mA (0.01–0.02 A) |
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20–50 mA (0.02–0.05 A) |
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50–100 mA (0.05–0.1 A) |
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100–200 mA (0.1–0.2 A) |
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⚠️ Important Notes:
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The danger level depends on current, duration, body resistance, and path through the body (hand-to-hand, hand-to-foot, etc.).
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AC (Alternating Current) between 50–60 Hz is more dangerous than DC for the same current value.
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Dry skin resistance: ~100,000 Ω
Wet skin resistance: ~1,000 Ω or less (increases current drastically).
Effects of Electric Current on Human Body-
⚡ शरीर पर विद्युत धारा के प्रभाव
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धारा की तीव्रता और मार्ग का प्रभाव: शरीर से होकर गुजरने वाली विद्युत धारा की तीव्रता, मार्ग और संपर्क की अवधि के आधार पर उसके प्रभाव की गंभीरता निर्धारित होती है।
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शरीर की प्रतिरोधकता: सूखे शरीर की प्रतिरोधकता लगभग 70,000 से 100,000 ओम होती है, जबकि गीले शरीर की प्रतिरोधकता 700 से 1,000 ओम तक घट जाती है, जिससे धारा का प्रवाह बढ़ जाता है।
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धारा के प्रभाव के स्तर:
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1 mA: हल्का झटका, जिसे महसूस किया जा सकता है।
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5 mA: हल्का झटका, दर्दनाक नहीं, लेकिन परेशान करने वाला।
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9 mA (पुरुषों के लिए) / 6 mA (महिलाओं के लिए): "लेट गो करंट" — व्यक्ति को विद्युत स्रोत से खुद को अलग करने की क्षमता खोने का खतरा।
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20 mA - 100 mA: मांसपेशियों में ऐंठन, श्वास और हृदय क्रिया प्रभावित नहीं होती।
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100 mA से अधिक: हृदय की धड़कन रुक सकती है, श्वसन प्रणाली प्रभावित हो सकती है, जिससे मृत्यु का खतरा बढ़ जाता है।
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AC बनाम DC: AC (वैकल्पिक धारा) DC (सीधी धारा) की तुलना में अधिक खतरनाक होती है, विशेषकर 25-60 Hz की आवृत्ति पर।
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हाई-फ्रीक्वेंसी धारा: 100 Hz के आसपास की आवृत्ति पर, झटके का अहसास कम हो सकता है, लेकिन आंतरिक जलन और गंभीर आंतरिक जलन हो सकती है।
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गंभीर प्रभाव: 100 mA से अधिक की धारा से हृदय की धड़कन रुक सकती है, मस्तिष्क में ऑक्सीजन की आपूर्ति बाधित हो सकती है, और श्वसन प्रणाली प्रभावित हो सकती है।
🔹 Step Potential-
Definition:
Step potential is the voltage difference between the feet of a person standing on the ground near a fault. If the ground potential varies between two points, and a person’s legs are apart on those two points, current can flow through the body.
Example:
If there’s a fault and electricity is flowing into the earth, the ground near the fault will have a higher potential. A person taking a step from one spot to another may experience a voltage difference across their legs.
Danger:
The current passes from one foot to the other, possibly affecting muscles and the heart.
🔹 Touch Potential-
Definition:
Touch potential is the voltage difference between a grounded object (like a pole, pipe, or equipment) and the feet of a person touching it while standing on the ground.
Example:
If a person touches an object that is at a higher potential during a fault while standing on the ground, current can flow through the hand, torso, and feet.
Danger:
The current passes through vital parts of the body, like the chest or heart, which is much more dangerous than step potential.
Q: What factors determine the effect of electric current on the human body?
A) Only the amount of current
B) The current, its path through the body, and duration of contact
C) Only the duration of contact
D) Only the condition of the body’s skin
✔ Correct Answer: B) The current, its path through the body, and duration of contact
Explanation: The effect of electric current depends on multiple factors, such as how much current is passing, through which parts of the body it flows, and how long the contact lasts.
Q: What happens to the body’s resistance when it is wet?
A) It increases significantly
B) It stays the same
C) It decreases significantly
D) It depends on the temperature only
✔ Correct Answer: C) It decreases significantly
Explanation: The body's resistance drops from around 70,000–100,000 ohms when dry to about 700–1,000 ohms when wet, allowing more current to flow.
Q: At approximately how much current does a person lose the ability to release the electric source?
A) 1 mA
B) 5 mA
C) 9 mA for males and 6 mA for females
D) 20 mA
✔ Correct Answer: C) 9 mA for males and 6 mA for females
Explanation: At these current levels, muscles spasm, and the person may not be able to let go of the source of electricity.
Q: Why is AC (alternating current) considered more dangerous than DC (direct current)?
A) AC has higher voltage than DC
B) AC has a frequency that affects the body more, especially at 25–60 Hz
C) AC always travels faster than DC
D) DC cannot cause muscle spasms
✔ Correct Answer: B) AC has a frequency that affects the body more, especially at 25–60 Hz
Explanation: AC at 25–60 Hz is more harmful because it disrupts the muscles and heart rhythm more easily than DC.
Q: What serious effects can occur if the electric current is more than 100 mA?
A) Only minor pain
B) Increased energy and strength
C) Heart arrest and breathing problems
D) No effect at all
✔ Correct Answer: C) Heart arrest and breathing problems
Explanation: Currents above 100 mA can stop the heart and interfere with breathing, which can be fatal if immediate medical treatment is not provided.
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